Integrated population modeling identifies low duckling survival as a key driver of decline in a European population of the Mallard
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In this study, we used integrated population modelling to estimate all vital rates for the Mallard in the Netherlands.
Recommended citation: Wiegers, J. N., E. Jongejans, C.A.M. van Turnhout, L. van den Bremer, H. van den Jeugd, and E. Kleyheeg (2022). Integrated population modeling identifies low duckling survival as a key driver of decline in a European population of the Mallard. Ornithological Applications, 124:1-12.